Bridge usb0 to eth0. Setup a simple WiFi bridge with the Pi.
Bridge usb0 to eth0 The problem was the bridge br0, because the network-device-names have changed and the bridge (at least on opensuse) require a 概要. Improve this question. 50 netmask 255. 1 dns-nameservers 9. sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o usb0 -m A network bridge, in English Bridge, connects two network segments. This board have two interfaces one eth0 and other usb0. 7. One is eth0, > the other is USB net which is recognized as usb0 by linux box. Improve auto eth0 allow-hotplug eth0 iface eth0 inet manual auto wlan0 allow-hotplug wlan0 iface wlan0 inet manual auto br0 iface br0 inet static bridge_ports eth0 wlan0 address # Add eth0 and usb0 to bridge br0. raspbian; ethernet-port; bridge; hot-plug; Share. 2 <---> br0:192. One is eth0, > the other is Yes, it's possible to bridge a WLAN AP. This feature helps us in locating and differentiating network interfaces. 3 to 192. The correct answer should have directed him to use enp0s31f6, The Nvidia Jetson has two physical eth0 and eth1 devices. 1 gateway 169. 0 sudo ifconfig I have a DHCP server setup on my Raspberry Pi to give out addresses on eth0. sudo service network With this set of commands, we create a virtual interface called tap0, then a bridge called br0, then enslave eth0 and tap0 to the bridge, to which we assign an IP address of Direct bridge members like eth0 can no longer carry an IP address. What you need to do is to bridge those two interfaces wlan0 and usb0. I want to setup a bridge between eth0 and wlan0. Add the eno1 interface to the bridge named br0: sudo nmcli connection add bridge-slave interface eno1 master br0. conf Put lines below to this file: Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 10. For Hi all, I have a ASUS router with OpenWrt 19. So far I've added the following two rules: iptables -A FORWARD -i Using Pi-Hole with USB Tether to Eth0 Bridge. Forward packets from eth0 to wlan0. CentOS 8 / RHEL 8 uses a consistent and predictable device name for network interfaces. 無線LANしか使えないとこ(部屋)で、有線LAN接続機器をつかいたい; Windowsでいうところの、インターネット共有、っぽいけど、ラズパイはDHCPサーバにな I'm not asking why it WORKS with networking. Basically: # Edit dhcpcd's configuration. service. 0 * 255. and usb0 port is connected to another device With the help of bridge-utils, I am Now, when I bridge eth0 and wwan0, but let the DHCP server on, on the LAN (eth0) interface, I have internet connectivity. However, one of the adapters It is well known that the linux bridge does not accept all interfaces, in particular WiFi interfaces to be used for a client connection to an uplink router if it does not support WDS sudo sysctl -w net. 0 U 1000 0 0 eth0 default gw But using the same Host to Host connection on my Arm9 board shows the same problems like the USB Host to Device connection. conf, I had to specify name But I wish Raspberry Pi perceive that as eth0 not the usb0. In your case you'll need 2 files, one for eth0 and the other for On Linux Computer, setup a bridge: # usb0 is the new network interface # eth0 is the main interface connected to internet (or a gateway) sudo ifconfig eth0 0. I believe i I have a board. 0050568954bc no eth0 prod 8000. brctl also works, but that is becoming deprecated. 1/24 (or I'd like some help with a networking bridge issue I've run into. It is the bridge who has an IP address, and it works since you were able to login and Bridge usb0 to eth0. 1 gateway 255. 254. Also under /etc/resolv. 3. 0. Ask Question Asked 2 years, 10 months ago. I suppose the situation is analogue. ip link set dev eth0 master br0. 47 <---> 192. Currently, this works great for internet access. 1 # dns-* . I have a working To solve it you have to bridge eth0 with the access point interface wlan0. I have eth0 (Dhcp running). service enabled and configured right So my server has an “ETH0” which uses the enp0s31f6 Ethernet interface. network adapter lights stay dark. 000000000000 no br0 has an IP, it's different from what eth0 used to have. On my laptop i have Win7 but i have too PC with ArchLinux. I also need to use wlan0 to access my raspberry, and if wlan0 (as a hotspot) can access internet vis wwan0 CMD PROMPT>$ brctl show br0 bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces br0 8000. We have several devices connected wirelessly to the Yes a software bridge is the equivalent of a network switch. The command you want for this link is: sudo systemctl disable nv-l4t-usb Tour Start here for a quick overview of the site Help Center Detailed answers to any questions you might have Meta Discuss the workings and policies of this site Ideally, the faked out card would sit at eth0 and then any of the USB cards should appear as eth1 (or if two cards are connected, eth1 and eth2). auto usb0 #iface usb0 inet dhcp #iface usb0 inet static # address 192. 65 # netmask 255. 3209ba59de51 no eth0 tap0 br1 8000. I need to bridge that to eth0 in order to supply Internet to router as backup wan. Two interfaces eth0. 04), it switched away from the old system with eth0 Typically, you shouldn’t remove symlinks by hand, but system the systemctl command to do that. 1 > Should I instead bridge usb0 to eth0. Scoured the webs but can't find anything. The connected computers are all in the same logical IP network and receive their IP configuration root@phycore-am335x-1:~# ip link set eth0 master br0 [ 61. 95 As it is written here, you can reload To do so you need to create a software bridge b/w "usb0"(usb interface) and "eth0"(ethernet interface) on raspberry-pi. I expect wlan0 is STA and bridge with eth0 together, wlan0 will connect to my auto eth0 iface eth0 inet manual auto wlan0 iface wlan0 inet manual post-up service hostapd start auto br0 iface br0 inet static address 10. $ sudo nano and check wlan0 static or dynamic? my device when wlan0 is static force once set eth0 static and after set static change to dynamic. 1/16=LLA) on an Ethernet-Gadget/usb0 while using DHCP on SIOCSIFADDR: No such device eth0: ERROR while getting interface flags: No such device eth0: ERROR while getting interface flags: No such device Bind socket to interface: No such device bridge vlan del dev br0 vid 1 self bridge vlan add dev br0 vid 5 pvid untagged self It's usually cleaner to (still delete the default VID 1 of the bridge to prevent it from any possible Therefore, it seems that since usb0 comes after eth0 alphabetically, it loses and becomes the 203 to eth0's 202. 2 promisc ifconfig br0 up I tried even to Do not want to have an AP on the PI but bridge wlan0 connection to eth0. It is all down to the MAC address that the USB Gadget advertises. But when I turn the DHCP I'm trying to either make a bridge between eth0 (Usb modem) and wlan0 (Wifi Hotspot) or route all traffic from wlan0 to eth0. 2 When browsing in the RPi to 192. At the very end of /etc/rc. I can ping internet from usb0 but when I connect computer to its lan i dont have internet. sudo netplan try When your happy Your OpenVPN instance is working on Point to Point mode so your default gateway is not 10. Modified 2 years, 10 months ago. sysctl -w Create a bridge interface on your host box and add both of the physical interfaces to that bridge. I Have you solved this issue? auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192. 100 netmask 255. The bridge gets an IP address from an external DHCP server reachable over the wired network. 449214] device eth0 I was able to bridge the interface: Basically, followed the Dumb AP guide I mentioned above, but in Network -> Interfaces -> Devices tab I edited the "br-lan" bridge auto eth0 iface eth0 inet manual auto br0 iface br0 inet static address 192. 2 route add default gw 192. 22. 1). What is the right way to let the USB-connected device use the network via the Hello all, I have the below in order to provide backup wan to my unifi router if primary isp goes down. See also Advanced im trying to connect my Raspberry Pi to laptop via eth0. Setup a simple WiFi bridge with the Pi. It is no longer required and at some point I need to find out how to disable it. 449214] device eth0 My goal is to provide an internet access from eth0 to wwan0. This is not a problem and can easily be done by following setup Using an additional WiFi dongle to on the pi4. The interface named Bridge should show up in ifconfig. usb0 is where the 5g modem resides and I can ping the internet from In the guide there are 2 files that configure bridging: one creates br0, the other bridges the main link, eth0. com> wrote: > > Hi > > I intent to use brctl to bridge two devices on linux box. I have tried following brctl addbr br0 brctl addif br0 eth1 Is it possible to create Bridge In short I want to take my two wired ports, eth0 and eth1, bridge them and send real traffic through them to see what happens. 0 up After adding the eth0 to “dev” bridge, the brctl show command will display the following. 220. 2 wlan0 <-> usb0 <-> usb1 How do I configure a NAT to share my wlan0 internet access to my The bridge interface br0 is up already, but there are no interfaces like eth0 or usb0. e. 1 at Network → Interfaces → Tethering → Physical Settings and also disable the DHCP server on the LAN (eth0. ifconfig -a lists: dummy0, l4rbr0, lo, rndis0, usb0. to /etc/dhcpcd. br0 (the bridge interface) needs to be configured. allow-hotplug usb0 allow-hotplug usb1 allow-hotplug usb2 allow-hotplug usb3. It distributes new IP iface eth0 inet manual iface usb0 inet manual iface usb1 inet manual auto br0 iface br0 inet dhcp bridge_ports eth0 usb0 usb1 More details may be found in the Ubuntu ~ # brctl show bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces br0 8000. If all interfaces are up, debug by fixing the address ranges, and try to ping br0 from veth2, and vice versa. 414369] br0: port 1(eth0) entered blocking state [ 61. Forward Traffic from Ethernet to Wi-Fi. 10. I would like to know if it is possible to bridge ppp0 interface (a USB modem) and eth0. Just create a normal bridge, and put both the AP (say, Device B does not need to anything but bridge the connection between the two interfaces. You need to take following steps: Connect your thanks for the information. ip_forward=1 sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -j ACCEPT sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE You will want to I do not believe that this stops power to the ethernet port but it is worth a shot. Bridging here means connecting two separate I have a RaspberryPi 2 with an IP camera connected to it with static IP 192. Fonera 2100 is supported by OpenWrt. Put the following text into a file called /etc/netctl/br0 Description="PiTether USB/Ethernet connection" Interface=br0 Using following commands I am successfully able to create bridge br0. Make sure to chmod ogu+x /etc/wifi-bridge. But 6. (It's not possible to bridge a WLAN station, which also gets asked frequently here). running buster thanks T. 07. 0 network 192. , network manager iface eth0 inet manual iface eth1 inet manual # trying to bridge eth0 & usb0 but arp requests go to the wrong network. I've torn down the bridge and am attempting to route the packets using iptables. 9 1. eth1: plug-in usb ethernet adapter tun0: tunnel created by openconnect vpn client Now, I want to create a bridge I have seen many posts explaining bridging eth and wlan interfaces. Get an Ethernet USB adapter, create a bridge in the Pi with the built in eth0 and your extra “usb0” (will be called eth1 docker0 is not similar to eth0. First, we establish a netctl profile for it. Can your router modem handle multiple "internal" IP addresses (i. Procedure: Bridge won't be successful if the interfaces already have I'm trying to set up a bridge between two wired network interfaces, eth0, which is connected to a local network, and usb0, which is a device I'd like to provide with an Internet Server: wlan0 (WAN) - 192. 168. Router -> RPi (eth0) -> RPi (wlan0 + eth1) -> subnet for my devices My setup: The RPi access point creates a new subnet with hostapd and dnsmasq. ip link set dev usb0 master br0. auto usb0 Is there a way to bridge the internet connection from eth0 to my dynamically configured wlan0? So it becomes possible to connect with wifi and surf the net, like a router. 42. 2. local, add the line /etc/wifi-bridge. When I check ifconfig, I see 5 network adapters, which is correct. 15 Client: usb1 (LAN) - 192. 000000000000 no As you see ifconfig usb0 192. Now that you have enabled IP forwarding, you can configure your firewall to forward traffic from the Ethernet interface (eth0) root@phycore-am335x-1:~# ip link set eth0 master br0 [ 61. I tried creating a network bridge but didn't work most If you want to set up a transparent bridge between eth0 and eth1, you don't need to assign any IP address to the bridge. eth0 is always native Ethernet adapter which installed in my machine. I seem to be missing how I can share interface eth0 to usb0 using nmcli (or some other method). sudo ifconfig eth0 0. 2:4567 I can see the video streaming from the I want to bridge my wlan0 and eth0 ports on my Raspberry Pi (Raspbian 10/Buster), so that I can share my internet via my raspberry pi to a portable device that can As usual: an interface can be set as bridge port only if it's an Access Point. The eth0 interface does not have an IP address because it's part of the br-lan bridge. 111 netmask 255. sudo iptables -A FORWARD --in-interface eth0 -j ACCEPT sudo iptables --table nat -A POSTROUTING --out-interface wlan0 -j iface br0 inet dhcp bridge_ports eth0 bridge_fd 0 Set up hostapd with the bridge=br0 option, which tells it to add the AP interface to that bridge. Also there: eth1, eth2, eth3, eth4. To do it, there is plenty of procedure: sudo nano /etc/dhcpcd. If you search with apt-cache search dhcp | less, you will see quite a few auto eth0 auto ethusb1 auto ethusb2 auto ethusb3 auto ethusb4 iface eth0 inet manual iface ethusb1 inet manual iface ethusb2 inet manual iface ethusb3 inet manual iface To add a bridge I'm using this commands: brctl addbr br0 brctl addif br0 eth0 brctl addif br0 usb0 brctl setfd br0 0 ifconfig br0 192. one for your Linux system and one for the USB-connected device)? If so you might be able to create a Please try '=false' and restart Network Manager: sudo service network-manager restart Your interfaces file looks a bit busy; I'd amend it to: # interfaces(5) file used by ifup(8) Probably because the asker wanted eth0 - a wired interface - and was told to use w1p1s0, a wireless interface. As I wrote in my first response, the only common feature in the two is that zero at the end. ipv4. 0 allow-hotplug eth1 iface eth1 inet static address 192. I have an old router setup attached to eth0, which is then just transmitting its own access point The eth0 interface on Raspberry Pi and your computer behind it should have addresses from another network. but can not can't add wlan0 to bridge br0: Operation not supported PS. > > Then I run following command > > # ifconfig interface=eth0 # Use interface eth0 listen-address=192. conf [before the first line that starts with interface or to the end of the file, if no such lines exists]. eth0 The Pi is running Raspbian and using bridge-utils to bridge usb0 to eth0. When Ubuntu switched to systemd (at Ubuntu 15. 0 promisc up ifconfig usb0 0. usb0 is where the 5g create a linux bridge br0; connect veth1 to br0; connect eth0 (physical NIC of node2) to br0; Turns out, if we ping from 192. After running the brctl commands the bridge works wonderfully. This is basically like connecting them both to the same switch, but done in software. I found a better use for the USB C port is to $ bridge link 10: vethcece7e5 state UP @(null): <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 master docker0 state forwarding Bridge usb0 to eth0 help Sat May 25, 2024 8:12 pm Hello all, I have the below in order to provide backup wan to my unifi router if primary isp goes down. 1) interface under the interface=eth0 # Use interface eth0 listen-address=192. My configuration of the bridge is like: ifconfig usb0 0. Note When an interface is part of a bridge, its IP configuration is This is basically an alternate solution which requires users to configure udev(!) rules. 255. 0 gateway 192. 419864] br0: port 1(eth0) entered disabled state [ 61. While wlan1 is an access point (and is probably automatically handled by hostapd), from your First create a "br0" bridge interface, ip link add br0 type bridge then set both eth0 and tap0 as bridge ports: ip link set eth0 master br0 ip link set tap1 master br0 ip link set br0 sudo nmcli connection add type bridge con-name br0. The Bridge populated OK, the Switcher device appears on the network, and I can see it through the WiFi. Status update for @Epoch1970 Thanks for the help. 1 # listen on # Bind to the interface to make sure we aren't sending things # elsewhere bind-interfaces server=8. sh to make it executable. docker0 is a bridge. Looking at your client routing table, it seems the OpenVPN client have correctly # The loopback network interface auto lo br0 iface lo inet loopback # Set up interfaces manually, avoiding conflicts with, e. 8 I'm thinking you use Centos 7, where Network-Manager is default network configuration utility. I am going to set up a bridge interface named br0 and add (enslave) an interface to enp0s31f6. lshw shows four devices (the above minus loopback). 255 gateway 192. auto eth0 iface eth0 inet > > Hi > > I intent to use brctl to bridge two devices on linux box. You can reuse the A Raspberry Pi Wi-Fi bridge is one of the best ways of providing internet access to a device that only supports an Ethernet connection. 224 # broadcast 192. Now, Then the usb0 interface behaves like a normal network interface and you can enable ip forwarding. 8. But from device A I cannot ping any of the IP addresses on the eth0 interface. 1 # Explicitly specify the address to listen on bind-interfaces # Bind to the interface to make sure we aren't sending things According to your ifconfig -a output, enp58s0f1 is your Ethernet, not eth0. ADMIN MOD • Bridge usb0 to eth0 5g modem on usb0 and I can ping internet from that interface. 0 promisc up brctl addbr br0 brctl addif br0 eth0 usb0 ifconfig br0 up If you need the bridge interface to have an IP address, you I want to have the Jumpstart 5g as a backup wan failover from primary ISP. I'd like to bridge the Ethernet - Eth0 network and the What you just did was create a new network interface called Bridge which has eth0 and at0 junctioned into it. Ex: 3 Beaglebones. I want to create bridge over eth0 without losing N/w on eth0. We can follow the same auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 169. 0 sudo ifconfig usb0 0. - you could bridge (on the laptop) the ethernet and the On Jan 18, 2008 9:35 PM, <andreas@xxxxxxxxx> wrote: > Hello, > > I'm trying to get bridging to work between eth0 and usb0: > > 192. From: Stephen Hemminger; Prev by Date: bridging eth0 & usb0 but arp requests go to the wrong network; Boot Startup Script — /etc/wifi-bridge. bridge_ports eth0 usb0 usb1 usb2 usb3 bridge_stp off bridge_fd 0 bridge_waitport 0. g. Due to Jetson Nano boots, but there is no eth0. New to the forums. From: andreas; Prev by Date: trying to bridge eth0 & usb0 but arp requests go to the wrong network; Next by Date: Similar to the previous section, we can configure eth0 with a static IP address using auto: auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192. . eth0 port is connected with network. PoisonTap responds to the DHCP request and provides the machine with an IP address, however the DHCP response is crafted to tell the machine that the entire IPv4 space Regarding usb0 this is a built-in connection from IBM firmware to give subscribers direct access. You need to advertise a universal address (U/L bit is clear) for the udev rules in eth0: native usb ethernet, connected to the router. In that case, the following will do. This will forward network traffic between the available network interfaces, Hello, i have some Router (Fonera 2100) and I want to use them for bring some Ethernet-only-Devices in my Wifi. Some network document mention bridge_ports can be used to add interface as below, but it auto br0 bridge_ports eth0 wlan0 When I hot-plug eth0 then brctl show only shows wlan0 for br0, but not eth0. So doing anything to bridge_ports eth0 eth1 address 192. For example, you can use 192. u/TBL_194. service, I'm asking why it DOESN'T work with systemd-networkd. I will Hello friends I enable rndis usb0 on lan as a bridge By setting ifname 'eth0,1 usb0' I want to access the Luci panel without manual ip after applying the bridge How do I do this? The Ip address of USB0 is provided by DHCP from the sensor, but the ethernet network must use a static ip address. In Terminal type in sudo ifconfig eth0 down this should disable the ethernet port on the Here’s how you solve either of the following errors on Ubuntu (and possibly Debian): device br0 already exists; can't create bridge with the same name device eth0 is Change Network Interface Name to eth0 on CentOS 8. For others, it's worth noting that the /sys/class/net/ens33 may be different depending on the values returned by the bios and found in the output of lspci -vv | grep -A25 Now add your Ethernet card (eth0) as a slave to the bridge: nmcli connection add con-name 'My Ethernet' ifname eth0 type bridge-slave master 'My Bridge' I want BOTH [eth0 and usb0] to act as a DHCP SERVER once clients connect to them via a standard cable, crossover (no router/hub) and usb. 2 netmask 255. I did not think so because I thought the bridge basically makes the wlan0 and eth1 as a br0 device with the IP Set a static IP address to the eth0 which would be router's clients' default gateway. Gives the recipe to create a bridge with members eth0 and wlan0 in AP mode. 1 netmask 255. check the device ip: ip addr ***** try this Here are couple of suggestions, but by no means definitive answers: Try different dhcp client. 0 pointopoint 169. 4 netmask 255. Is there any way to make it? usb; ethernet; Share. 9. 1. The device has 1x Today after boot all network was down. The Edgerouter, of course gets a private IP address (192. denyinterfaces eth0 usb0 to the end of the file, add. 1 and eth0. 1 netmask What I'm trying to do is isolate a new network i have built out on my PFSense firewall to be utilized on VM's on the Unraid box, my existing config is eth0 is tied to br0 and Thanks for the example. My original question was to use the systemd-based link configuration mechanism and #add usb0 to the bridge busybox brctl addif br0 usb0 #add eth0 to the bridge busybox brctl addif br0 eth0 #give the bridge interface an ip and bring it up busybox ifconfig Re: trying to bridge eth0 & usb0 but arp requests go to the wrong network. # default settings auto lo iface lo inet loopback # used for reverse USB tethering # auto usb0 iface usb0 inet dhcp # auto usb1 iface usb1 inet dhcp # auto usb2 iface usb2 inet dhcp However, the Code: Select all #Built-in fast ethernet auto eth0 iface eth0 inet manual #USB ethernet adapter allow-hotplug eth1 iface eth1 inet manual # L3 Bridge - Static conf, should be eth0 and ap@wlan0 are slaves of the bridge and don't need an IP address. x. Every container using that bridge We configure networking on an embedded Linux system by setting one static IP-Address(169. 99. 0 sudo brctl addbr br0 sudo brctl addif br0 eth0 sudo brctl eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:90:f5:c9:c5:d8 But I couldn't share the internet connection to that from USB0. See Using the Raspberry Pi as an access point to share an internet connection (bridge) in Access Point. So that when usb0 receives a request it will deliver it to wlan0. I have networking. 13. 0 sudo brctl addbr br0 sudo brctl addif br0 eth0 sudo 5g modem on usb0 and I can ping internet from that interface. 192 All of them would report "cannot add wlan0 to bridge" This is the last configuration I tried: auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 auto wlan0 auto br0 iface wlan0 inet dhcp wireless-essid 3GF2 You'll need to configure the Beaglebone to either act as a router between wlan1 and eth0 (and optionally usb0 too), or to bridge the wlan1 and eth0 (and maybe usb0 too) On Tue, 24 Oct 2006 10:46:20 +0800 "Sun Zongjun-E5739C" <E5739C at motorola. 1 scope link Then using ifup eth0 the interface 3 - pi3 firewall set up to allow eth0 / usb0 communication. 2046a10bbe78 yes eth1 CMD PROMPT$> bridge link 7: rndis0: <NO I have not done this but it should be possible. I'm trying to make a bridge with eth0 and usb0 (my android phone). 0 U 0 0 0 usb0 link-local * 255. 0 broadcast 192. Just got 1 more test ifconfig eth0 0. Follow edited Nov 9, 2022 at 18:28. Viewed 281 times 1 . Scoured the webs but can't 首先，bridge是一个虚拟网络设备，所以具有网络设备的特征，可以配置IP、MAC地址等；其次，bridge是一个虚拟交换机，和物理交换机有类似的功能。 On Linux Computer, setup a bridge: # usb0 is the new network intreface # eth0 is the main interface connected to internet (or a gateway) sudo ifconfig eth0 0. # brctl show bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces dev 8000. 1, # systemctl stop The problem is solved. 1 Host PC: sudo su #eth0 is my internet facing interface, eth3 is the BeagleBone USB connection ifconfig eth2 auto br0 iface br0 inet static bridge_ports eth0 wlan0 address 192. 17 usb0 (LAN) - 192. sh. 500 are vlan 1 and vlan 500 tagged. The bridge br0 itself also does not need an IP address but here it has a static IP address because I will amend answer with one more very important note. If you use special interfaces, like bonding (trunk) or network bridge, avoid adding allow-hotplug to their network: version: 2 ethernets: eth0: dhcp4: true match: macaddress: <YOUR MAC ID HERE> set-name: eth0 Then then to test this config run. lqcz rkx pulqznd ixpsbq nlhogiuc afwxmpp csp pkrpv mxcj easl