Cardiovascular physiology slideshare. Contribution To Heart Function.

Cardiovascular physiology slideshare Syed Yousaf Shah 20 Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs’ capillaries O2 and CO2 exchange between capillary beds and body tissues. The heart is the pump that moves the blood. The Heart Consists of Four Cell Layers: The endocardium (from endo- + cardi/o + -ium, meaning “inner layer of the heart”) is formed by endothelial cells, and it lines the interior of the heart chambers and valves. • Neurophysiology: It is the study of functioning of the nervous system. Position and size of heart: Due to elevation of diaphragm heart moves to left and upward, apex shifted laterally. 16 s at a rate of 200 beats/min. com Jun 22, 2017 · LENGTH Cardiac muscle has the unique property of contracting and repolarizing faster when the heart rate is high and the duration of systole decreases from 0. Chapter 12: Cardiovascular Physiology. It explains the cardiac muscle action potential and how it differs from other muscles. dentaldevotee. Some key points include: 1. Apex beat Position Normally in the fifth left intercostal space half inch medial to, the mid- clavicular line Enlargement of the heart due to hypertrophy or dilatation may shift the apex beat. Mar 28, 2011 · The document discusses cardiac muscle and the physiology of the heart. It describes the size and structure of the heart, including the four chambers and valves. Mar 23, 2019 · D Cardiovascular system Anatomy and Physiology. • Endocrinology: It is the study of hormones and how they control body functions. Heart development begins with the formation of the horseshoe-shaped pericardial cavity and single heart tube, which undergoes convolution to form the primitive 4-chambered heart. Finally, the heart itself is directly stimulated by the autonomic nervous system, further enhancing cardiac pumping. These impulses inhibits the vasodilator area, result in increase of heart rate 10. 24. confines heart to the mediastinum allows sufficient freedom of movement. • Blood from the fetal heart that is destined for the lungs is shunted away from the lungs through a short vessel called the ductus arteriosus and returned to the aorta. First heart sound : occurs when the atrioventricular (AV) valves close at the beginning of ventricular contraction. 10 – 0. The objectives are to identify cardiovascular anatomy and structures, discuss risk factors and assessments for cardiovascular disorders, describe diagnostic tests and treatments, and discuss nursing care for related illnesses. Shortening is slow as compared to sk. The duration of systole is much more fixed than that of diastole, and when the heart rate is increased, diastole is Feb 11, 2015 · The cardiovascular and respiratory systems work together to supply oxygen to tissues and remove carbon dioxide. Basic Heart Anatomy. The heart has four valves that ensure one-way blood flow. Explains the increase in cardiac output that occurs when venous return is increased D. The circulatory system is the transport system of the body. Blood Supply to the Heart • To work efficiently the heart needs a continues blood supply • Needs to supply oxygen and nutrients and to remove the waste materials • Heart has its own system of circulation – coronary circulation • Left and right coronary arteries arises at the base of aorta • From there they supply the blood to right and left side of heart • Coronary artery This document provides an overview of cardiovascular physiology, including: 1) The anatomy of the heart and circulation of blood through the heart. Responding to various stimuli can control the velocity and amount of blood carried through the vessels. The heart and vessels work intricately to prov … Jun 22, 2017 · Control of Excitation and Conduction in the Heart The Sinus Node as the Pacemaker of the Heart: • The impulse normally arises in the sinus node • In some abnormal conditions, a few other parts of the heart can exhibit intrinsic rhythmical excitation in the same way that the sinus nodal fibers do; • This is particularly true of the A-V Sep 19, 2017 · The document discusses key concepts in cardiovascular physiology including: 1. Jan 26, 2018 · Textbook of Medical Physiology, 10th Edition Ganong F. 6- Describe the function and the histology of the three types of blood vessels . Mar 17, 2011 · 3. Pumping Blood: The heart's contractions during systole pump oxygenated blood into the aorta for distribution throughout the body and deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary artery for oxygenation in the lungs. Superior and inferior venae cavae Vessels conveying blood away from the heart include: 1. Apr 25, 2013 · 3. 7. Mar 3, 2018 · Contents Anatomy of the heart Physiology of the heart Conduction system of the heart Arterial and Venous system Cardiac auscultation 4. The document also describes the cardiac cycle which involves the opening and closing of heart valves as the heart contracts and relaxes in a repeated cycle to pump blood. M. Structure of the Heart The heart is a muscle about the size of a fist, and is roughly cone-shaped. Blood flows through the heart via heart valves which allow blood to flow in one direction. org Dr. It lies left of the middle of the chest. Electrical events of cardiac cycle. • At RMP, the cell is polarized primarily by the action of active membrane ion pumps, the most notable of these being the sodium- potassium pump. • When a person stand up, gravity pulls blood down from the upper body, increasing the amount of blood returning to the heart. e QRS deviation. Feb 18, 2015 · 7. Lecture Notes on Cardiovascular System Prepared By: Mark Fredderick R Abejo R. Oct 9, 2014 · The document provides an outline and overview of cardiovascular physiology, including: - The cardiovascular system functions to transport and regulate blood throughout the body. Chapter 9, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition 2. - The layers of the heart wall and internal structures such as the atria, ventricles, and valves. It describes left-to-right shunts like VSDs and PDA that cause left heart enlargement and right-to-left shunts like Tetralogy of Fallot that cause cyanosis. Impulses from proprioceptors, which present in the exercising muscles; these impulses act through higher centers and increases heart rate. Arteries The arteries are the blood vessels that deliver oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the tissues of the body. • Cardiovascular physiology: It is the study of functioning of heart and blood vessels. The heart pumps blood through two circuits - the pulmonary circuit which circulates blood to the lungs, and the systemic circuit which pumps blood to the rest of the body. The document provides a review of key concepts and terms from the cardiovascular system. 1 Lab #10: Cardiovascular Physiology Background The heart serves as a pump to drive the flow of blood through the body. Differentiate between right and left heart failure based on their presentation 4. explain the circulation of blood through the heart and coronary vessels. Ca2+ signal (Ca2+ from SR and ECF) binds to troponin to initiate myosin head attachment to actin Contraction Same as skeletal muscle, but… Strength of contraction varies Sarcomeres are not “all or none” as it is in skeletal muscle The response is graded! Low levels of cytosolic Ca2+ will not activate Jan 24, 2015 · Cardiovascular shock classification • The causes are divided into four groups: 1. The questions in this little book are intended primarily as an accompaniment to the fifth edition of the textbook, An Introduction to Cardiovascular Physiology (JR Levick, Hodder Arnold, 2010) – though the explanations and the numerous diagrams should help make this a useful‘stand-alone’volume if desired. • The heart pumps around 6,000-7,500 litres of blood in a day throughout the body. P Krishna 4. Cardiac Cycle 5. It can be measured using Fick's principle with indicators or dyes, or through non-invasive echocardiography. It describes the mechanisms and clinical uses of different classes of antihypertensive drugs like diuretics, sympatholytics, vasodilators, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, and ARBs. Nov 23, 2017 · 11 Vessels returning blood to the heart include: 1. • Heart pumps blood into the blood vessels. Weighs about 325 gm is males and about 275 gm in females. Receive oxygenated blood from the lungs . name and locate the elements of heart’s conduction system. It is determined by heart rate and stroke volume. inadequate output of Aug 24, 2016 · This document discusses neonatal physiology including: 1. Aug 30, 2020 · 16. Oct 16, 2022 · The cardiovascular system provides blood supply throughout the body. 40. pericardium. Opening of the mitral Jul 29, 2015 · The stretch of the heart then causes the heart to beat with far greater force and therefore to pump increased quantities of blood. Right and left pulmonary arteries External Heart: Major Vessels of the Heart (Posterior View) The document provides an overview of the cardiovascular system and heart anatomy and physiology. Effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system-Article Jun 29, 2024 · 2. It covers topics like the heart, blood vessels, blood pressure, and circulation. Cardiac output increases by 40-50% by 30-34 weeks due to higher blood volume, stroke volume, and heart rate. Mechanism of cardiac muscle cell contraction. Heart responds to electrical, mechanical and chemical stimuli. Stroke Volume (SV) • Formula: SV = EDV - ESV • Definition: The volume of blood ejected by the heart with each beat. Jul 2, 2010 · This document provides an introduction to human physiology by covering the basic organizational levels of the human body from cells to organ systems. it confines the heart to it’s position and allowing sufficient freedom of 5. Jan 16, 2015 · This document provides learning objectives and content for a lecture on cardiovascular disorders. 5 L c. • Before birth, the foetus obtains oxygen and nutrients from the mother through the placenta and the umbilical cord. Aug 13, 2020 · During exercise, the cardiovascular system undergoes changes to meet increased demands. Cardiovascular Physiology. It is surrounded by membranes and has three layers: epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium. 6. It begins with a brief history of the field and introduces the concept of the heart as a pump. The epicardium (from epi Oct 21, 2010 · The document provides an overview of the cardiovascular system and its key components. Chapter 15Cardiovascular System 2. 27 s at a heart rate of 65 to 0. Duration of this sound is 0. It then discusses the anatomy of the heart including the chambers, valves, conduction system, and cardiac muscle structure. Pacemaker potentials 3. Jul 19, 2024 · Define cardiac failure, its pathophysiology and clinical manifestations 2. Elements of ECG. Nov 5, 2024 · 7. Apr 6, 2014 · 7. Cardiovascular Anatomy & Physiology. It also explains the electrical properties of cardiac muscle cells, including the phases of the cardiac action potential and the process of excitation-contraction coupling. It describes the basic components and regulation of the cardiovascular system, including the heart, vessels, and regulatory mechanisms. Terms in Cardiovascular Physiology 1. blogspot. Diffuse, sustained Jun 13, 2011 · 4. Both circulations start and end in the heart. The adventitia, connective tissue anchoring arteries to nearby tissues. Jul 20, 2008 · The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and blood vessels. This, too, increases the arterial pressure. Textbook of Medical Physiology-A. Dec 2, 2018 · 4. The average weight of heart in adult female is 250gm , , while in male is 300gm. It discusses: - The main components of the cardiovascular system including the heart, arteries, veins and capillaries. Textbook of Medical Physiology, 2nd Edition en. THE PERFUSION SYSTEM – arteries, arterioles, capillaries. Read less Mar 18, 2014 · The cardiovascular system increases cardiac output through higher heart rate and stroke volume to distribute more blood to working muscles. 2 L b. The arterial system the left side of the heart performs two crucial function :- 1. Mechanical events in the heart: cardiac cycle . Circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood Heart propels blood through two vascular systems arranged in series. RAGHDA BASIL ALKHATEEB (LECTURER) 1# the first heart sound is produced by the: A. Properties of Myocardium Excitability Property to respond to stimuli. Abejo RN, MAN Anatomy and Physiology of the Heart Cardiovascular system consists of the heart, arteries, Pericardium – invaginated sac veins & capillaries. FIRST HEART SOUND Cause – closure of A-V valves. It discusses the heart, including its location, chambers, valves, conduction system, and cardiac cycle. Sep 27, 2017 · 7. Membranes of Heart • Directly surrounds the heart and defines the pericardial cavity called pericardium or pericardial sac. It explains how blood flows through the heart and is pumped into the arteries and circulated throughout the body before returning to the heart through the veins. The myocardium (from my/o + cardi/o + -ium, meaning “heart muscle”) is the muscular middle layer of the heart that consists of heart muscle cells. It discusses the pulmonary and systemic circulations in terms of pressure, resistance, and flow. Staightening of left upper cardiac border. The major function are Apr 9, 2013 · This document discusses the physiology of coronary blood flow. The heart has four chambers and lies within the thoracic cavity. It also examines the vascular system of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules and veins. LV action potential 4. Healthy & Active Lifestyles- Book 6. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS • Kawasaki’s Disease • Antibodies are produced against endothelial cells and smooth muscle • Presents as a red tongue, distal extremity rash, skin sloughing, or edema • Recovery is usually spontaneous • Raynaud’s Disease • Insufficient blood supplied to distal phalanges • More common in women than men • Prolonged ischemia can lead to gangrene CARDIO VASCULAR SYSTEM CV physiology is study of the functions of the heart, the blood vessels and the blood 3 main divisions of CVS THE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM - Heart, arteries, arterioles. – Overall – Increases from 30% to 50% – Half of the increment occur by 8 weeks of gestation – Maximum reached between 20 and 24 weeks’ gestation –> maintained until delivery – Cause by • Stroke volume • Heart rate (↑10-18 bpm over the non-pregnant at term) • Distribution of cardiac May 13, 2017 · 2. 2. The heart is a muscle made of 3 layers Pericardium aka = pericardial sac is a connective tissue layer around the heart Epicardium is the smooth outer surface of the heart. Cardiovascular Pharmacology • Cardiovascular Pharmacology deals with the study of the effects of drugs upon the heart or circulatory system. • Blood vessels circulate the blood throughout the body. Digestive system Takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and eliminates unabsorbed matter (feces) Respiratory system Takes in oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide Food O2 CO2 Cardiovascular system Via the blood, distributes oxygen and nutrients to all body cells and delivers wastes and carbon dioxide to disposal organs Interstitial fluid Nutrients Urinary system Eliminates nitrogenous wastes Sep 12, 2014 · Cardiovascular Physiology. The document summarizes Chapter 20 from the textbook "Principles of Anatomy and Physiology". It rests diaphragm near the middle of thoracic cavity. b) Respiratory rate: for ordinary persons it may be increased to 25-30 per minute and for well trained athlete it may be around 38-40 per minute. CO = HR x SV, as follows. 3. The cardiac cycle consists of ventricular systole and diastole. Apr 29, 2018 · The document discusses cardiovascular physiology, specifically describing the cardiac cycle and regulation of blood pressure. ‫ميحرلا نمحرلا هللا‬ ‫بسم‬ CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS FOR 1ST STAGE NURSING STUDENTS. The Cardiac Cycle The Cardiac Cycle – The sequence of events starting with the filling of the heart with blood from the venous system, followed by contraction and emptying of the blood from the heart to the arterial system and ending with the start of the next filling Diastole – Period of relaxation during which the heart fills with blood from the venous system Systole – Period of Dec 30, 2013 · The document provides information on the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system. The three basic components of the circulatory system Anatomy of the heart as a specialized organ pumping blood to the whole body Cardiac muscle with its specialized pacemaker and contractile cell. The heart is pushed upward and outward by the enlarged uterus, increasing the cardiac silhouette. Increased carbon dioxide tension, which acts through medullary centers. The Objectives : Define the cardiovascular system and explain its general function 2- Identify the three components of the cardiovascular system . 5. The heart is located in between the two lungs. The refractory periods of the cardiac muscle. Jan 16, 2019 · The document provides information on the cardiovascular system and heart anatomy. On Heart Rate: - • Increased heart rate during exercise is due to four factors: - 1. Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation • Repolarisation of ventricle is now complete • Semilunar valves close and the 2nd heart sound occur • All 4 valves are closed while the ventricle relaxes – causing a rapid drop in pressure • Dicrotic notch in the aortic pressure occur • When ventricle pressure becomes lower than the atrial pressure mitral valve opens • v Jan 5, 2020 · 2. Aug 6, 2024 · 4. Depending on the body’s changing needs, the heart can vary its 2. Animal Physiology: Mammalian Circulatory System Class Reporter: Elino, M. It tests knowledge on topics like the base of the heart, organs with sinusoids, cardiac vessel terminology, heart weight in males, cardiac structures, ventricular wall projections, heart pressures, conduction pathways, blood vessel innervation, cardiac and great vessel anatomy, capillary structure and 2. Hemodynamic parameters such as blood flow, pressure, pressure gradient, vessel diameter, blood velocity, and peripheral resistance and how they are interrelated. Steps of the cardiac cycle . This document discusses cardiovascular physiology including the structure and function of the heart, regulation of the cardiovascular system, blood flow through the pulmonary and systemic circulations, factors that influence cardiac output and stroke volume, and regulation of the systemic vasculature. Review of Medical Physiology, 22nd Edition Khurana I. One heart beat consists of one systole and one diastole. The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. Aug 25, 2011 · The document discusses cardiac muscle and the physiology of the heart. Jun 27, 2021 · During expiration, the pulmonary and aortic valves close at the same time; but during inspiration, the aortic valve closes slightly before the pulmonary duration of systole decreases from 0. Right and left pulmonary veins 2. Location of Heart • posterior to sternum • medial to lungs • anterior to vertebral column • base lies beneath 2nd rib • apex at 5th intercostal space • lies upon diaphragm 4 • It is aided by skeletal muscle contractions (Mumps’ Law) and gravity. • Clinical manifestations usually reflect the effects of the low cardiac output on tissues (eg, fatigue, oxygen debt, acidosis), the damming up of blood behind the failing Apr 30, 2020 · 10. Does not operate in the failing heart B. Impulses from Respiratory centers: In forced breathing, HR increases during inspiration and decreases during expiration and this variation is called respiratory sinus arrhythmia. All Osmosis Notes are clearly laid-out and contain striking images, tables, and diagrams to help visual learners understand complex topics quickly and efficiently. Cardiac Cycle Sequence of events from the beginning of one systole to the beginning of next consecutive systole. Outline: 779 views • 47 slides Jan 26, 2019 · 6. Differentiate between the factors causing hyper-effective and hypo-effective heart functions 3. The normal electrocardiogram. It discusses the heart's location in the thoracic cavity, its internal and external structures, the layers of the heart wall, the heart chambers and valves, coronary blood supply, cardiac cycle and conduction system, heart sounds, electrocardiography, and cardiac output. SA node is called the pacemaker because it depolarizes at a faster rate than any other group of cells in the heart, and imposes that faster rate on the heart as a whole. The right ventricles propels blood to the lungs and the left ventricle propels blood around the systemic circulation. During each cardiac cycle, certain events occur in the heart and these include pressure changes, volume changes, production of heart Feb 22, 2016 · This document provides an overview of cardiovascular physiology. Heart Rate (HR) ↑ sympathetic nerve activity to SA node ↓ parasympathetic activity 2. Oct 3, 2014 · anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system. 12. • It mainly contributes to the safety profile of potential new drugs and provides pharmacological data that can be used for optimization of further compounds and the ultimate selection of compounds suitable for clinical development. • For example, this specific pump (in addition to other systems) attempts to maintain the intracellular sodium concentration at 5–15 mEq/L and the extracellular sodium concentration at 135– 142 mEq/L and the intracellular potassium Feb 20, 2013 · The document contains 40 multiple choice questions about cardiovascular system anatomy. Pathway of Blood Through HeartPathway of Blood Through Heart To Right Atrium: •Superior vena cava (above diaphragm) •Inferior vena cava (below diaphragm) •Coronary sinus (from myocardium) To Left Atrium: •4 Pulmonary veins (lungs to heart) Right Ventricle: •2 Pulmonary arteries (to lungs) Left Ventricle: •Aorta (to body) Coronary arteries Tricuspid valveTricuspid valve Mitral Dec 20, 2019 · It discusses the external features of the heart including its chambers and circulation. Blood enters and exits the heart through major vessels while valves regulate flow between chambers. wikipedia. rests on the diaphragm near the midline of the thoracic cavity. Apr 10, 2018 · 33. It generates impulses approximately at the rate of 72 times/min. First heart sound and ECG:It coincides with peak of ‘R’ wave of ECG 5. INDEX SR. Dec 28, 2023 · 1. Lead III Oct 31, 2018 · Textbook of Medical Physiology- Prof G. The document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the heart and cardiovascular system. It describes the layers of the heart including the epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium. It also discusses the layers surrounding the heart, including the pericardium, as well as the heart's valves and conduction system which stimulate contraction. HEART The heart is the muscular pump responsible for blood circulation It is an organ of four chambers- the right and the left atria and the right and the left ventricles The two atria receive venous blood. Feb 12, 2024 · 32. LECTURE VIII: CORONARY CIRCULATION. Nov 28, 2021 · 7. One full circulation consists of these two circulations together. It describes the structure of cardiac muscle including specialized excitatory and conductive fibers. 62 s, whereas at a heart rate of 200 4. - The three layers of the heart - pericardium, endocardium, and myocardium - and its four chambers - two atria and two ventricles. 9. It circulates blood throughout the body, transporting oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste. Mar 3, 2018 · Cardiac reflexes maintain homeostasis through feedback loops between the heart and central nervous system. Please consult Vander Sherman’s physiology for further reading 1. The heart is a roughly cone shaped hollow muscular organ. 6 Oct 5, 2007 · This document provides a summary of key topics in anatomy and physiology that are relevant for the Philippine Nursing Licensure Examination, including the cell, integumentary system, musculoskeletal system, nervous system, endocrine system, cardiovascular and hematologic systems, gastrointestinal system, urinary system, and reproductive system. • Blood transports nutrients and oxygen to the tissues and removes carbon dioxide and waste products from the tissues 3 Mar 31, 2018 · Cardiac physiology is a component of the interrelated and integrated cardiovascular and circulatory physiology. It discusses the heart chambers, which include the right and left atria and ventricles. Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System 32 Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) stimulation is activated by stress, anxiety, excitement, or exercise Parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) stimulation is mediated by acetylcholine and opposes the SNS PNS dominates the autonomic stimulation, slowing heart rate and causing vagal tone If the Vagus Nerve was cut, the heart would lose its tone. The origin of the The heart weighs 200-400 grams and pumps around 7,751 litres of blood daily. Nov 3, 2016 · Rate of generation of AP at different sites of the heart RATE (Times/min) SITE 70 - 80SA node 40 - 60AV node 20 - 35AV bundle, bundle branches,& Purkinje fibres SA node acts as heart pacemaker because it has the fastest rate of generating action potential Nerve impulses from autonomic nervous system and hormones modify the timing and strength Mar 23, 2017 · 26. It then discusses the anatomy of the heart, including its chambers and valves. • Also surrounds the root and the major vessels or areas of closest proximity to the heart • Consist of 2 distinct sub layers – Outer fibrous pericardium • Made up of tough, dense connective tissue • Protects the heart and maintains its position in the Nov 25, 2012 · Chapter 12: Cardiovascular Physiology. Myocardial Physiology Contractile Cells Excitation-Contraction Coupling cont… 2. • The heart is situated at the centre of the chest and points slightly towards the left • On average, the heart beats about 100,000 times a day, i. • This increase in venous return leads to an increased heart rate and stroke volume (the amount of blood pumped by the heart with each beat). pulmonary embolism or hypothermia An ECG is a diagnostic tool, NOT a treatment No one is ever cured by an ECG!! 3 Feb 4, 2014 · Path physiology of Heart Failure • Systolic heart failure occurs when the heart is unable to pump a sufficient amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic requirements. It explains the cardiac cycle, conduction system, heart valves and chambers. Cardiovascular system • It includes heart and blood vessels. 7 May 1, 2020 · 2. Blood flows from the sinoatrial node through the conduction system. May 22, 2024 · Discuss the effect of body temperature on the heart function Study Resources: 1. HEART – ANATOMY OF HEART- Heart is a small structure. It explains the circulation of blood through the heart, into the pulmonary circulation to oxygenate blood and into the systemic circulation to distribute Aug 20, 2017 · This document provides an overview of the physiology of the cardiovascular system. Introduction •The cardiovascular system is made up of the heart and blood vessels which circulates blood with nutrients, oxygen, chemicals, throughout the body as well as removal of waste products through the excretory organs •The cardiovascular system is linked to the lymphatic system which is made of lymph organs, lymph nodes and lymph vessels through which colorless lymph flows. 919 views • 55 slides Mar 18, 2019 · Cardiovascular Physiology. It does so by undergoing a cycle of contraction and relaxation called the cardiac cycle. Read less 46. 8 L d. Character A normal apical impulse briefly lifts your fingers and is localized. N, MAN MEDICAL AND SURGICAL NURSING Cardiovascular System Lecturer: Mark Fredderick R. Chapter 30, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition 4. Using Fick's principle calculate cardiac output from the following data. Physiologic responses and long-term adaptations to exercise-Article 7. The left side receives blood from the lungs and then propels it at high pressure to all other tissues of the body. • Approximately 400 million arterioles • Diameter : 15 μm to 300 μm • Arterioles have thin tunica interna, porous internal elastic lamina • Tunica media consist of 1 or 2 layers of smooth muscles • Tunica Externa is made up of areolar CT and Mar 6, 2023 · Cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute. 3 s at a heart rate of 65 to 0. Feb 2, 2022 · Structure and Function of the Heart Function and Location of the Heart The heart’s job is to pump blood around the body. Blood Flow Through Heart • Blood flows into the Right Atrium from: – Top half of the body via the Superior Vena Cava – Bottom half of the body via the Inferior Vena Cava. The heart muscle generates electrical impulses and contractions to circulate blood throughout the body. Marieb Mar 5, 2018 · The cardiovascular system includes the heart and blood vessels. Myocardial Physiology Autorhythmic Cells (Pacemaker Cells) • Characteristics of Pacemaker Cells – Unstable membrane potential • “bottoms out” at -60mV • “drifts upward” to -40mV, forming a pacemaker potential – Myogenic • The upward “drift” allows the membrane to reach threshold potential (-40mV) by itself • This is due to 1. the arteries compose the high pressure tubing that propels oxygen rich blood to the tissue . It Chapter 15: Cardiovascular System Hole's Human Anatomy and Physiology - Download as a PDF or view online for free Jun 5, 2017 · Cardiovascular pharmacology Cardiovascular (=Circulatory) system – heart and blood vessels Arteries – transport blood to tissues Capillaries – sites of exchange, fluid O2, CO2, nutrients etc. Feb 7, 2008 · Heart Sounds Four heart sounds can be recorded via phonocardiography, but normally only two, the first and the second heart sounds, are audible through a stethoscope. THE COLLECTING SYSTEM – venules, veins, heart. It discusses the location of the heart in the thoracic cavity near the diaphragm. Jul 28, 2022 · Lab #10: Cardiovascular Physiology p. The tension developed during cardiac muscle contraction is less than that developed in Skeletal muscle contraction. Normally located in the middle and slightly to the left side of the thoracic cavity on the diaphragm between 3rd and 5th ribs. • Systemic physiology: functions of organ systems. Both systems must precisely coordinate their responses to exercise in order to meet increased demand for oxygen while removing carbon dioxide. It resembles spoken word ‘LUBB’. generated by the vibration of the blood and the ventricular Dec 8, 2024 · 2. It describes the pathway of blood flow through the heart and lungs. Wave of depolarization 2. Outline: 779 views • 47 slides Nov 14, 2014 · Cardiovascular Physiology. Charushila Rukadikar Follow Dec 6, 2024 · Anatomy and Physiology of cardiac system: The cardiovascular system, also known as the circulatory system, is made up of the heart, blood, and blood vessels, and its primary function is to transport materials throughout the body - Download as a PDF or view online for free The document summarizes cardiac physiology, including: 1) The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood, with the heart serving as a pump that establishes blood pressure. Feb 7, 2017 · 35. e. 4. Chapter 15 1. It discusses the action potential in cardiac muscle, the specialized conductive system of the heart including the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node and Purkinje fibers. The heart is divided into four chambers - two upper atria and two lower ventricles. 234 views • 21 slides Sep 23, 2021 · 17. It describes the location of the heart in the mediastinum and its layers. 2k views • 147 slides Oct 10, 2012 · It discusses the fetal, transitional, and postnatal circulations and how congenital heart defects disrupt normal circulation. • Coronary Sinus is the gathering point for deoxygenated blood gathered by the cardiac veins. e Sinus tachycardia 15-degree left axis deviation i. ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE After the electrical impulses spread across the atria, they converge at the atrioventricular node – located near the wall of the atrial septum near the AV valves. An adult’s heart beats about 60 to 100 times per minute, and a newborn baby’s heart beats at a faster pace than Feb 14, 2023 · 12. Size of Heart • Average Size of Heart • 14 cm long • 9 cm wide 3. 03k views • 87 slides Apr 28, 2021 · 3. low-pressure pulmonary circulation, high pressure systemic circulation William Harvey (1578–1657) The document discusses cardiovascular physiology, including: - The location of the heart in the thoracic cavity between the lungs. Apr 9, 2020 · 6. May 23, 2011 · This document summarizes various classes of cardiovascular drugs used to treat conditions like hypertension, angina, heart failure, and arrhythmias. Contractility Property to undergo shortening. Pal 2. The dimension of heart are 12cm long, 9cm wild, 6cm is wit. • Cardiovascular physiology: the heart and blood vessels. • Pathophysiology: It is the study of functional changes associated with disease and aging. In the cardiovascular system, blood passes through two circulations in series. Characteristics:It is long, soft, low pitched sound. The four chambers of the heart are the right and left atria and ventricles. Mar 3, 2018 · 3. It begins with an introduction and overview of topics to be covered, including the anatomy of the heart, coronary blood flow, control of coronary blood flow, and nervous control. At the end of the session,the students should be able to: Identify the major structures and functions of the cardiovascular system. - The heart's functional anatomy includes four chambers, valves, and an intrinsic conduction system to coordinate contractions. Abdulhalim Serafi, MB ChB,MSc,PhD,FESC Assistant Professor & Consultant Cardiologist Faculty of Medicine Umm Al-Qura University Makkah Al-Mukarramah Saudi Arabia. Part II CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY. Contractility of the heart. Pulling or pushing of the mediastinum due to lung disease may shift the position of the apex beat. 8. K. . Cardiac output, the product of heart rate and stroke volume, also increases substantially during exercise through higher heart rates and larger stroke Dec 28, 2017 · VALVULAR EVENTS (HEART SOUNDS) First heart sound Second heart sound Third heart sound Fourth heart sound Thursday, December 28, 2017 33. Each side of the heart has two chambers: the atrium receives blood from the veins and Apr 19, 2020 · 6. It describes the heart as a hollow muscular organ with four chambers and two pumps. Apr 12, 2016 · Cardiovascular Responses to Following are the major cardiovascular responses to exercise followed b explanation of each. This presentation provides a clear understanding of the physiology of the circulatory system. It has 4 chambers - 2 atria that receive blood and 2 ventricles that pump blood out of the heart. Brief Introduction on Mammalian Heart and Circulation The Mammalian Heart has four valves: two Atrioventricular Valves (AV) and two Semilunar Valves (SV) 1) Tricuspid Valve – an AV valve between Right Atrium - Right Ventricle 2) Bicuspid Valve – an AV valve, also called “Mitral Valve” between Left Atrium Mar 9, 2024 · Considers operations at many levels. Chest X-ray changes: Larger cardiac silhouette with horizontal positioning. anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system. Feb 28, 2021 · This document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system. Outline the physiology of treatment of cardiac failure Read less Jan 2, 2019 · The document provides an outline and overview of cardiovascular physiology, including: - The cardiovascular system functions to transport and regulate blood throughout the body. These two circulations are: The systemic (or greater or high-pressure)circulation: It starts in the left ventricle → the aorta → systemic arteries → systemic capillaries → systemic veins → Dec 2, 2018 · 5. Review of anatomy and physiology of cardio vascularand respiratory system 1 Embryology of heart and Lung Embryology of lung Embryology of heart 1-14 2-7 8-14 2 Anatomy and physiology of heart 15-24 3 Anatomy and physiology of lung 25-33 4 Anatomy and physiology of thoracic cavity 34-36 5 Anatomy and physiology of blood vessel 37-45 6 Coronary circulation 46-50 7 Mar 5, 2009 · The document summarizes key aspects of the cardiovascular system. It contains the following key points: 1. Pericardium is the membrane that surround and protect the heart . 1. The media, a layer of muscle that lets arteries handle the high pressures from the heart. Textbook of Medical Physiology- Sembulingam 3. This wave of excitation (impulse) then passes from the atrioventricular node into the atrioventricular bundle. May 12, 2016 · 8. The cardiovascular system comprises the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries. location of the heart. Key reflexes include the baroreceptor reflex which regulates blood pressure via stretch receptors in the carotid sinus and aorta, the chemoreceptor reflex which responds to changes in blood oxygen and pH via the carotid and aortic bodies, and the Bezold-Jarisch reflex which induces May 27, 2015 · 10. Aug 24, 2017 · This document provides information on cardiac physiology and electrocardiography (ECG). 16 s at a rate of 200 beats/min at a heart rate of 65, the duration of diastole is 0. May 21, 2018 · The document provides information on the anatomy and physiology of the human heart. Cardiac output is regulated by factors affecting preload, contractility, heart rate, and peripheral resistance. Immediate changes during exercise on RS a) Tidal Volume: increases depending on intensity, it may be 1500-2000 ml for ordinary person and for well trained athlete it may be increased to 2500 ml. Site for auscultation – Mitral & Tricuspid area. H. 11. It discusses the structure and functions of cells, including the cell membrane, organelles, DNA, and cell division. Aorta 2. # Starling's law of the heart A. Jul 24, 2021 · Review Questions for Cardiovascular Physiology • 2 likes • 316 views. Pump blood into thick walled muscular aorta for distribution throughout the body in the systemic circulation . It details the layers of the pericardium, the chambers and valves of the heart, and the coronary arteries that supply the heart muscle. 6 L Oct 20, 2022 · The document discusses multiple choice questions related to the cardiovascular system. increased size of the vascular system produced by vasodilatation in the presence of a normal blood volume (distributive, vasogenic, or low-resistance shock); 3. Each cardiac cycle is initiated by the cardiac impulse which originates from the SA node. Fluid requirements vary greatly between individual neonates due to immaturity of the liver and kidneys. Explains the increase in cardiac output when the sympathetic nerves supplying the heart are stimulated www. Oct 11, 2019 · Cardiac Action potential . 3) Factors that can influence the cardiac cycle such as nerves, hormones, electrolytes. Basic Characteristic The heart is divided into two pumps lying side by side The right side received blood from the body and propels it at low pressure through the vascular system of the lungs. Characteristics – ‘LUBB’, duration -0. The document describes the structure and anatomy of the cardiovascular system, including the heart, blood vessels, and circulation. The heart develops from mesodermal tissue and the pericardial cavity develops from intraembryonic membranes. Closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves D. It is located behind the sternum and is surrounded by membranes. The right side receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs, while the left side receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it out to the body. Neonates have limited reserve capacity for temperature control, cardiovascular and respiratory functions due to physiological changes after birth. V Chauhan - Cardiovascular Regulation - 22/01/13 This Osmosis High-Yield Note provides an overview of Cardiovascular Anatomy and Physiology essentials. 2) The heart has two main functions - generating blood pressure and routing blood flow between the pulmonary and systemic circulations to ensure one Aug 31, 2020 · It describes the chambers and valves of the heart, the structure of the heart walls, and the microscopic structure of cardiac muscle fibers. Friday 10/31/08, 10:00 Physiological Basis of ECG 1 16 slides, 50 min. It begins with an introduction and outlines the components and general functions of the CVS. 2) Electrical conduction system of the heart and the cardiac cycle. Ejection Fraction (EF) • Formula: EF = SV / EDV • Definition: The percentage of the end-diastolic volume that is ejected with each heartbeat. It describes the location and structure of the heart, including its chambers and layers. • Neurophysiology: focuses on the nervous system. • Cell physiology: examines processes in cells. Find more information about Cardiovascular Anatomy and Physiology: Dec 2, 2017 · 25. 3- Describe the Anatomy of the heart 4- Describe the histology of the heart 5- Identify the component of the blood and distinguish its different function . Opening of the aortic and pulmonary valves C. – From the heart via the Opening to the Coronary Sinus. Cardiovascular system: Functional changes • Marked increase in cardiac output (CO). Muscle Cardiac muscle obeys Frank’ s starling law. It focus lies on the division and component of the circulatory system, the three major function of the circulatory system, blood composition, structure of the heart, blood circulation; pulmonary and systemic circuit, valves of the heart, the pathway of blood flow through the heart, the cardiac cycle Oct 2, 2024 · 19. Jul 17, 2017 · 4. It lies obliquely little more to the left that right and presents a base above and apex below. May 29, 2010 · The document provides an overview of cardiovascular physiology, including: 1. Jan 10, 2019 · The document provides information on the embryology, anatomy, physiology and pathology of the heart. Maintaining Pressure: By contracting and relaxing rhythmically, the heart maintains blood pressure, ensuring a continuous flow of blood to meet the body 4. 17 secCauses:It mainly occurs due to sudden closure of atrioventricular valves. Feb 17, 2016 · Heart Physiology The heart pumps the body’s 6 quart supply of blood through the blood vessels over 1000 times per day In reality, the heart pumps about 6000 quarts of blood in a single day 42. Sep 19, 2018 · The human heart is a muscular organ that provides continuous blood circulation through the cardiac cycle. Blood pressure typically increases during moderate exercise but remains stable during intense exercise. Textbook of Medical Physiology- Guyton 5. Its activity can be expressed as “cardiac output (CO)” in reference to the amount of blood moved per unit of time. First heart sound:It is produced during isometric contraction and earlier part of ejection period. Total oxygen consumption = 250 mL/min Arterial oxygen content = 20 mL/dL of blood Venous oxygen content = 15 mL/dL of blood a. Sino atrial node • It is a part of the wall of right atrium close to the opening of superior venacava. Correlation with ECG – coincide The Cardiovascular System Modified from a PowerPoint created by Cindy Dostal of Hawkeye Community College, content from Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology by Elaine N. Dr. 15 sec, freq – 25-45 Hz. It is located in the middle of the chest behind the sternum. It also describes the major blood vessels associated with the heart and the pathway of blood flow from the heart to the lungs and throughout the body. Blood flows through arteries, capillaries where gas exchange occurs, and veins which return blood to the heart. Sinus arrhythmia is due to alternation of vagal tone because of impulses arising from respiratory center during inspiration. May 19, 2021 · The cardiovascular system undergoes several changes during pregnancy to support the increased metabolic demands of the mother and fetus. define the cardiac output and cardiac cycle. 10. NO TOPIC PAGE NO. Blood rich in oxygen Blood low in oxygen Blood moves from the vena cava to the right atrium and ventricle for pulmonary circulation. Contribution To Heart Function. Structure The intima, the inner layer lined by a smooth tissue called endothelium. inadequate volume of blood to fill the vascular system (hypovolemic shock); 2. INDICATIONS OF ECG Gold standard for diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmias Helps detect electrolyte disturbances (hyper- & hypokalemia) Allows for detection of conduction abnormalities Screening tool for ischemic heart disease during stress tests Helpful with non-cardiac diseases (e. The heart is a hollow muscular organ located in the thorax between the lungs. MARCH 2023/ DR. AV node is also capable of generating cardiac impulse but at a slower rate than SA node. consists of two parts:the fibrous and serous. g. , around 3 billion beats in a lifetime. The chapter discusses the cardiovascular system with a focus on the anatomy and physiology of the heart. Small benign pericardial effusion ECG changes Increased heart rate (+15%) i. Venules – collect blood from capillaries Veins – transport blood back to heart Blood moves within vessels – higher pressure to lower pressure Resistance to flow depends on vessel diameter Jul 25, 2014 · EKG. Length: 10 cm Weight: 225 g in women 310 g in men Position/location: the heart lies in the thoracic cavity in the mediastinum( the space between two lungs). Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition 3. Does not operate during exercise C. • Means small arteries • Microscopic vessels that regulate the flow of blood into capillary networks of the body’s tissues. Aug 27, 2018 · The document summarizes cardiovascular embryology, including: 1. Closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves B. ocbuddkvm tgplv exlnoa lsf fflfoq jevt spjtzd ismyew yjr ogk